中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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雾凇、冬捕、冰雪试车等富有特色的冰雪旅游活动,带动冰雪旅游热度逐年攀升,黑河市注重立体化发展,逐渐成长为冰雪旅游领域里的“斜杠青年”。
近几年,黑河市深入贯彻“冰天雪地也是金山银山”理念,积极发挥冰雪旅游资源优势,向冰雪试车、冰雪体育、冰雪旅游、冰雪文化四个方向发力。眼下正值冬季,让我们一路向北,去感受黑河沉浸式冰雪旅游。
逊克大平台。
冰天雪地:各美其美处在“冰雪黄金纬度带”的黑河,冬天兼具冰、雪、雾凇等类型的冰雪资源,连绵起伏的山地地貌则为黑河的冰雪塑造了千变万化的姿态,每一种姿态都有独一无二的美,这也是黑河的冰雪景观最吸引人之处。
抬头是凝霜挂雪的碧玉琼枝,俯身是仙气缭绕、终年不冻的库尔滨河。这几年,逊克大平台雾凇景区声名鹊起,每到冬季都能吸引一大批粉丝不远万里而来。来自广州市的游客王小雨说:“逊克大平台的雾凇真的好漂亮,我已经留意了几年了,趁着2022年的年尾我终于赶过来看到了,比我想象中的还美!”同样终年不冻的还有五大连池的温泊,洁白的雪花覆盖在黝黑的火山上,在天地间荡漾开一幅水墨画,游客可以边泡温泉边赏雪。封冻的黑龙江远观似一条玉带,江面上也非常热闹,冬泳健将、滑冰健将各显其能,江畔的冰雕雪雕赏心悦目。
这些只是黑河冰雪旅游产业的冰山一角。2022年11月,黑河市启动了“极境冰雪蝶舞黑河”冰雪季,推出了三大冰雪旅游主题产品、7条精品冰雪线路、15个网红打卡地、40多项文旅活动,极大丰富了冬季旅游产品。为延伸冰雪旅游产业链,黑河市还与俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克市、结雅市等城市线上交流合作,加深黑河冬季旅游产品的影响力。
新年登高活动。图片由黑河市委宣传部提供
冰雪试车:挑战极境180天超长“待机”的冰雪期,让冰雪试车走进了黑河。十年前,黑河的冬天只有70几家企业来试车,宾馆房间也很充裕,而现在试车企业甚至要提前一个月预订机票和宾馆。
2018年黑河捧回了首个“中国寒区试验基地”称号的金字招牌,2020年黑河成功举办了首届寒区试车节,新华社、中汽协、中汽研及70余家车企代表的参加迅速引起各大媒体广泛关注,“黑河寒区试车产业”加入新华社民族品牌工程。目前,黑河市正积极推进试车产业数字化转型,黑河寒区试车高新技术产业园正在建设当中。
2023年1月8日,黑河即将迎来第二届寒区试车节,不仅将延续第一届寒区试车节的穿越黑河·城市巡游赛、CCPC雪地越野挑战赛等热门活动,还将增添智能驾驶体验活动和黑龙江冰雪竞技挑战赛等活动创意,来自不同车企品牌、不同地域的参赛者,将在冰封的黑龙江上进行巅峰对决。
冰雪文化:凝聚特色寒冷没能冻结人们对文化艺术的追求,反而激发了他们冰雪艺术的创作灵感,一批批从黑河走出来的艺术家用艺术创作传播着冰雪文化。同样致力于冰雪文化创意的还有黑河市的非遗文化传承者们。乌鱼绣、桦树皮画、北红玛瑙、木雕等等非遗文化,经常以冰雪为主题创作,为冰雪文化多样化发展注入了活力,带动了民间手工艺者创业、就业,促进文旅融合发展。
近年来,黑河市致力于传承和打造一批冰雪民俗文化和冰雪文化旅游节庆活动。前不久,黑河市爱辉区四嘉子满族乡小乌斯力村举办了满族传统节日“颁金节”,游客们观赏了满族传统祭祀、品尝了“满族八大碗”等满族美食,游客张亮和女友更是穿上了特色服饰,跨马鞍、挑盖头……体验了一次满族婚礼。五大连池火山冰雪节、瑷珲上元节、逊克大平台雾凇节等民俗、文旅节庆活动,都逐渐成为了黑河冰雪文化的品牌。
可以说,冰雪艺术创作、非遗文化传承以及全民同乐的冰雪文化节庆活动,共同凝结成了黑河冰雪文化的灵魂。
冰雪运动:全民共享2022年2月5日,来自黑河北安的曲春雨与队友们在北京冬奥会短道速滑2000米混合团体接力赛,为中国体育代表团摘得首金。这不仅是全国人民的骄傲,也是对黑河市多年来重视发展冰雪体育的见证。
黑河市积极响应“三亿人参与冰雪运动”的号召,每到冬天,冰球比赛、冬泳活动、雪地马拉松、雪地足球等活动接踵而来。为了让冰雪运动更方便,黑河市建设了滑冰场、冰球场、雪地球场等冰雪活动场地近200处,初步形成了冰雪30分钟健身圈,让大人孩子都能享受到冰雪运动带来的快乐。
借助毗邻冰雪强国俄罗斯的优势,黑河市充分利用冰雪人才、装备、技术等优势,通过白令海两极冰雪挑战系列赛、中俄界江黑龙江国际冰球友谊赛等体育赛事,促进国际间交流。黑河学院还与哈尔滨体育学院、俄罗斯阿穆尔国立大学等国内外高校开展了诸多冰雪体育领域的合作,为黑河冰雪运动发展灌注青春活力。
一路向北看黑河,冰雪燃情正当时。这个冬天,让我们相约黑河,共赏北国好风光。(王彤 邵晶岩)