大自然保护协会徐欣：实现生态修复与可持续生产协调发展需不断探索经验******
中新网蒙特利尔12月8日电 “修复只是保护的一个环节，如何继续保持区域的绿色底色、挖掘生态对生产的促进与庇护潜力，实现生态修复与可持续生产协调发展，是漫长维护期中需探索的重点。”大自然保护协会北京代表处对外事务总监徐欣在COP15第二阶段会议“坚持人与自然和谐共生 共建清洁美丽世界”边会上表示。
当地时间12月7日，COP15第二阶段会议“坚持人与自然和谐共生 共建清洁美丽世界”边会在加拿大蒙特利尔举行，边会由生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心、中国新闻社主办，中国新闻网承办。
大自然保护协会北京代表处对外事务总监徐欣在边会案例分享上发言。尹灵 摄徐欣在会上分享了内蒙古对土地可持续修复及管理模式的探索。
徐欣介绍，内蒙古在土地退化方面面临着巨大挑战，一方面是过去不合理开发利用对自然的威胁，另外是发展需求与有限资源在数量和时空上的不匹配。另外，过去60年内蒙古是中国气温变化最快的区域之一，内蒙古属于干旱和半干旱区域，气候变化将加剧当地在生态保护方面面临的挑战。
“基于此，首先，我们对于保护项目进行了系统设计，即在气候变化背景下，通过科学规划识别重要问题、区域和目标，通过合理修复恢复自然生态，通过可持续管理来维持或者提升保护的效果，包括对于修复区域的管理，更重要的是支持当地生产方式的转型和升级。”
“在合理修复方面，开展‘乔、灌、草’相结合的综合修复，用油松、山杏、沙棘等多个本地树种进行混交。”
“在可持续管理方面。当地是农牧交错带，我们帮助进行农牧措施的提升，促进乡村的绿色振兴来增绿增收。”
“另外，通过季节性休牧、暖季草畜平衡管理、冷季科学舍饲，推广草地智慧管理，我们还开发了工具帮助牧民更好的评估草地承载力。”
徐欣表示，同时也结合实际需求和保护目标推出了一系列推广措施，包括以工代奖、配比补偿、活树奖等。
“比如‘活树奖’，传统激励种树，采取村民种一棵树奖励多少钱的方式，我们则在当地采取居民自愿认领种植，每年秋天验收，每成活一棵树领取一定补助，如此进行三年。措施也起到了很好的效果，树木当年成活率可达90%，3年保存率达85%。”(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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